Nzvimbo uye kureba kwemugero zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nemaitiro enzira, terrain, geological mamiriro, uye zvimwe zvinhu.Nzira dzakawanda dzinofanirwa kuenzaniswa pakusarudza nzira.Kugadzika kwenzira dzekubatsira uye kufefetedza kwekushanda kunofanirwa kutariswa kune migero yakareba.Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yemukova kunofanira kubva pane geological mamiriro.Funga kugadzikana kwemateru uye materu kuti usaputsika.
Iyo longitudinal slope yelongitudinal chikamu dhizaini pamwe nepakati pemugero unofanirwa kuenderana nekudzikamisa kutsetseka kwemutsara dhizaini.Nekuda kwehunyoro hwepamusoro mukati memugero, iyo coefficient yekunamatira pakati pevhiri uye njanji inoderera, uye kupikisa kwemhepo kwechitima kunowedzera.Naizvozvo, kutsetseka kwelongitudinal kunofanirwa kuderedzwa mumatanho akareba.Chimiro chelongitudinal slope kazhinji kacho kamwechete uye herringbone slope.Single slope inobatsira pakukwirira, nepo herringbone slope iri nyore pakuvaka dhiraivha uye kubvisa tsvina.Kufambisa mvura, iyo yediki longitudinal mutsetse kazhinji ndeye 2 ‰ kusvika 3 ‰.
Muchinjikwa-sectional dhizaini yemugero inoreva mukati memukati weiyo lining, iyo inogadzirwa zvichienderana neasina-invasive tunnel yekuvaka miganhu.Iyo yekuvaka mvumo yeChinese tunnel yakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: steam uye dhiziri locomotive traction chikamu uye yemagetsi locomotive traction chikamu, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinopatsanurwa kuita imwe mutsara chikamu uye kaviri mutsara chikamu.Iyo yemukati contour ye lining inowanzo umbwa nema arches akaumbwa neamwechete kana matatu akadzika madenderedzwa uye akatwasuka kana akakombama madziro edivi.Wedzera imwe arch mune iyo geological soft zone.Iyo yemukati contour nzvimbo pamusoro peiyo track surface yeimwe track tunnel inosvika 27-32 square metres, uye iyo yeaviri track tunnel inosvika 58-67 square metres.Muzvikamu zvakakomberedzwa, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakaita sekurerekera kwemotokari dzekunze dzepamusoro-soro, chikamu chemuchinjiko chinofanira kukwidziridzwa zvakakodzera.Kureba kwemukati contour yemagetsi njanji tunnels kunofanirwa kuwedzerwa nekuda kwekumisikidzwa kwekubatana network nezvimwe zvinhu.Zviyero zvecontour zvinoshandiswa muChina, United States, neSoviet Union ndeizvi: tunnel imwe chete ine urefu hunosvika 6.6-7.0 metres uye yakafara ingangoita 4.9-5.6 metres;Kureba kwekaviri track tunnel ndeye 7.2-8.0 metres, uye hupamhi hunenge 8.8-10.6 metres.Paunenge uchigadzira mataranji maviri enjanji panjanji mbiri, chinhambwe chiri pakati pemanjanji chinofanira kufunga nezvesimba rekugovera geological pressure.Mugero wematombo unosvika 20-25 metres kureba, uye mugero wevhu unofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvakakodzera.
Kune marudzi mana ematanho ebetsero mukugadzirwa kwematanho ebetsero: mashaft akarerekera, vertical shafts, parallel pilot tunnels, uye transverse tunnels.An inclined shaft inzira inocherwa panzvimbo yakanaka pagomo pedyo nepakati uye inorerekera kunzira huru.Iko kurerekera kona yeshaft yakarerekera kazhinji iri pakati pe18 ° ne27 °, uye inosimudzwa newinji.Iyo muchinjiko-chikamu cheyakarerekera shaft inowanzoita rectangular, ine nzvimbo inosvika 8-14 square metres.A vertical shaft inzira yakacherwa yakatwasuka pedyo nepakati pegomo, ichienda kumugero mukuru.Nzvimbo yayo yendege inogona kunge iri pakati penjanji kana kune rimwe divi repakati (anenge 20 metres kubva pakati).Muchinjikwa-chikamu cheiyo vertical shaft inonyanya kutenderera, ine dhayamita yemukati inosvika 4.5-6.0 metres.Parallel pilot tunnels madiki madiki akaenzana akacherwa 17-25 metres kure nepakati pemugero, akabatana kune mugero kuburikidza neoblique chiteshi, uye anogona zvakare kushandiswa senzira yekutyaira yekuwedzera mune ramangwana mumutsara wechipiri.Kubva pakavakwa Liangfengya Railway Tunnel paSichuan Guizhou Railway muna 1957 muChina, ingangoita 80% yematanho makumi mashanu nesere anopfuura makiromita matatu akareba akavakwa aine anofanana ekutyaira tunnel.Hengdong idiki chikamu mugero wakavhurwa munzvimbo yakanaka padivi pemupata padyo nemugero wegomo.
Mukuwedzera, tunnel dhizaini inosanganisirawo dhizaini yegonhi, nzira dzekuchera, uye kusarudzwa kwemhando dzemaraini.
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Nguva yekutumira: Mar-06-2024
