Kubva pakavakwa 770 metres Taylor Hill single trackmugerouye 2474 metres Victoria double track tunnel pane njanji inofambiswa nemhepo muBritain muna 1826, nzira dzakawanda dzenjanji dzakavakwa munyika dzakaita seBritain, United States, neFrance.Muzana ramakore rechi 19, mapatani echitima gumi neimwe ane kureba kweanopfuura makiromita mashanu akavakwa, kusanganisira matatu ane kureba kweanopfuura makiromita gumi.Pakati pavo, iyo yakareba ndeyeSaint Gotha njanji muSwitzerland, iyo yakareba 14998 metres.Iyo Galera Railway Tunnel muPeru, iyo yakavhurwa muna 1892, ine urefu hwe4782 metres uye parizvino ndiyo yakakwira mwero pasi rose gauge njanji.Parizvino, Fenghuo Tunnel iri paQinghai Tibet Railway kuChina ndiyo yakakwira njanji pasi rose pakakwirira.Makore ekuma1860 asati asvika, mikoto yaigadzirwa pachishandiswa kuchera nemawoko uye nzira dzekuputitsa nehupfu nhema.Muna 1861, panguva yekuvakwa kweSinis Peak njanji njanji inoyambuka Alps, pneumatic rock drills yakatanga kushandiswa pachinzvimbo chekuchera nemaoko.Muna 1867, pakavakwa Hussac Railway Tunnel muUnited States, zvinoputika zvenitroglycerin zvakashandiswa pachinzvimbo chepfuti nhema, izvo zvakawedzera kugadzira tekinoroji yekuvaka mugero nekumhanya.
Shiqiuling Tunnel, yakavakwa neChina kubva muna 1887 kusvika 1889 panjanji yakamanikana kubva kuTaipei kuenda kuKeelung mudunhu reTaiwan, ndiyo yaive yekutanga njanji muChina, ine kureba kwemamita mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu nerimwe.Mushure mezvo, mamwe matano akavakwa panjanji seBeijing Han, Middle East, uye Zhengtai.Matanho mana akavakwa muchikamu cheGuangou cheBeijing Zhangjiakou Railway ndiwo aive matani ekutanga enjanji akavakwa pachishandiswa simba rehunyanzvi reChina.Iyo yakareba kwazvo yeBadaling Railway Tunnel yakareba mamita 1091 uye yakapedzwa muna 1908. Gore ra1950 risati rasvika, China yakanga yangovaka 238 standard gauge njanji tunnel, pamwe nekuwedzera kwe89 makiromita.Kubva kuma1950, nhamba yekuvaka tunnel yakawedzera zvakanyanya.Pakati pe1950 na1984, huwandu hwe4247 standard gauge njanji dzakavakwa, pamwe nekuwedzera kwe2014.5 makiromita, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenyika dzine njanji dzakawanda pasirese.Huwandu hwemaChinese gauge njanji dzenjanji dzakavakwa dzinoratidzwa muTafura 1 [Nhamba yeChinese standard gauge njanji migero yakavakwa].Pamusoro pezvo, China yakavaka 191 nhete gauge njanji, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemakiromita makumi maviri nematatu.Kubva muna 1984, China yakanga yavaka tunnel gumi dzine kureba kweanopfuura makiromita mashanu (Table 2 [Railway Tunnels dzine kureba kweanopfuura makiromita mashanu muChina]), iyo yakareba kwazvo iri Yimaling Railway Tunnel yeJingyuan Railway, iyo yakareba mamita 7032.Makomo eDayao kaviri track tunnel yeHengshao chikamu cheBeijing Guangzhou Railway, 14.3km kureba, iri kuvakwa.Mugero wechitima chepamusoro-soro muChina iGuanjiao Railway Tunnel paQinghai Tibet Railway, ine kureba kwemamita 4010 uye kukwirira kwemamita 3690.
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Nguva yekutumira: Mar-06-2024
